Gases – Properties and Combustion Requirements
| Substance | Molecular Weight | Relative Density (Air = 1) | Specific Volume (cu.ft./lb. at 32°F) | G.C.V. (B.t.u./cu. ft.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | — | 1 | 12.39 | — |
| Oxygen (O₂) | 32.000 | 1.105 | 11.21 | — |
| Hydrogen (H₂) | 2.016 | 0.0695 | 178.2 | 325 |
| Nitrogen (N₂) | 28.016 | 0.972 | 12.75 | — |
| Carbon Monoxide (CO) | 28.01 | 0.967 | 12.82 | 322 |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) | 44.01 | 1.529 | 8.10 | — |
| Methane (CH₄) | 16.04 | 0.555 | 22.35 | 1013 |
| Acetylene (C₂H₂) | 26.04 | 0.906 | 13.68 | 1499 |
| Ethylene (C₂H₄) | 28.05 | 0.975 | 12.71 | 1614 |
| Ethane (C₂H₆) | 30.07 | 1.049 | 11.81 | 1792 |
| Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂) | 64.06 | 2.264 | 5.47 | — |
| Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S) | 34.08 | 1.191 | 10.41 | 647 |
| Carbon (C) | 12.01 | — | — | 14093 B.t.u./lb |
| Sulphur (S) | 32.06 | — | — | 3983 B.t.u./lb |
Note: Air by weight consists of 76.8% Nitrogen and 23.2% Oxygen.
| Combustion Requirements | Combustion Products with Theoretical Air Quantity | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lb/lb | mols/mol | lb/lb | mols/mol | |||||||
| O₂ | Air | O₂ | Air | CO₂ | H₂O | N₂ | SO₂ | CO₂ | H₂O | N₂ |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 7.94 | 34.34 | 0.5 | 2.38 | — | 8.94 | 26.41 | — | 1.0 | 1.88 | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0.57 | 2.47 | 0.5 | 2.38 | 1.57 | — | 1.9 | — | 1.0 | 1.88 | — |
| 3.99 | 17.27 | 2.0 | 9.53 | 2.74 | 2.25 | 13.28 | — | 1.0 | 2.0 | 7.53 |
| 3.07 | 13.3 | 2.5 | 11.91 | 3.38 | 0.69 | 10.22 | — | 2.0 | 1.0 | 9.41 |
| 3.42 | 14.81 | 3.0 | 14.29 | 3.14 | 1.29 | 11.39 | — | 2.0 | 2.0 | 11.29 |
| 3.73 | 16.12 | 3.5 | 16.68 | 2.93 | 1.80 | 12.39 | — | 2.0 | 3.0 | 13.18 |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1.41 | 6.10 | 1.5 | 7.15 | — | 0.53 | 4.69 | 1.88 | — | 1.0 | 5.65 |
| 2.66 | 11.53 | 1.0 | 4.76 | 3.66 | — | 8.86 | — | 1.0 | — | 3.76 |
| 1.0 | 4.29 | 1.0 | 4.76 | — | — | 3.29 | 2.0 | — | 3.76 | 1.0 |
Note: Air by volume consists of 79.0% Nitrogen and 21.0% Oxygen.